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Evaluation of contaminants in fluorosilicic acid used for public water fluoridation in the Santos region, Brazil

Ciro Capitani dos Santos, Élio Lopes Santos, Flávia Gonçalves
Available Online 28 November 2016, ws2016191; DOI: 10.2166/ws.2016.191
Ciro Capitani dos Santos
School of Dentistry, Universidade Ibirapuera, Av. Interlagos 1329, São Paulo-SP 04661-100, Brazil E-mail: flavia.goncalves@ibirapuera.edu.br
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Élio Lopes Santos
School of Engineering, Universidade Santa Cecília, Rua Doutor Osvaldo Cruz 277, Santos - SP 11045-907, Brazil
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Flávia Gonçalves
School of Dentistry, Universidade Ibirapuera, Av. Interlagos 1329, São Paulo-SP 04661-100, Brazil E-mail: flavia.goncalves@ibirapuera.edu.br
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Abstract

Fluorosilicic acid is one of the main products used in water fluoridation. As by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry, it may contain contaminants that are harmful to the human health. The aims of this study were to assess the quality control analysis of fluorosilicic acid; to detect the presence of contaminants, such as arsenic, lead, cadmium, aluminum, barium, strontium, cobalt, iron, and sulfur in fluorosilicic acid samples by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; and to collect data of water analysis performed at a water treatment plant. The results show the presence of all contaminants mentioned previously, except for lead, in fluorosilicic acid samples from all sources. No quality control was carried out or required for this product at any time. Although the water analyses indicate the water is potable, there are no minimum safe limits for human consumption regarding carcinogenic elements such as cadmium and arsenic and the both were detected and released in the water. Therefore, purity of fluorosilicic acid used for water fluoridation should be required and monitored by public administration to avoid long-term public health problems.

  • drinking water
  • fluorine
  • fresh water
  • toxicity
  • water treatment
  • First received 23 March 2016.
  • Accepted in revised form 14 November 2016.
  • © IWA Publishing 2016
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Water Science and Technology: Water Supply: 18 (2)
  Volume 18,issue 2

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Evaluation of contaminants in fluorosilicic acid used for public water fluoridation in the Santos region, Brazil
Ciro Capitani dos Santos, Élio Lopes Santos, Flávia Gonçalves
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Nov 2016, ws2016191; DOI: 10.2166/ws.2016.191
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Evaluation of contaminants in fluorosilicic acid used for public water fluoridation in the Santos region, Brazil
Ciro Capitani dos Santos, Élio Lopes Santos, Flávia Gonçalves
Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Nov 2016, ws2016191; DOI: 10.2166/ws.2016.191

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Keywords

drinking water
fluorine
Fresh water
toxicity
water treatment
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